BIBLIOGRAPHY
                                                                                                          BOOKS

Adrian, Werner. 
Freaks; Cinema of the Bizarre New York: Warner Books. 1976

Altick, Richard D. 
The Shows of London Mass: Harvard University Press 1978

Barth, Miles 
Step Right This Way: The Photographs of Edward J. Kelty   New York: Word Wise Press 2002
 
Bogdan, Robert.  
Freak Show: Presenting Human Oddities for Amusement and Profit  . Chicago: Univ of Chicago Press. 1998

Bondeson, Jan.   A Cabinet of Medical Curiosities  . New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 1997
                        
The Feejee Mermaid: and Other Essays in Natural and Unnatural History Ithaca and London: Cornell Univ. Press   1999                                     
                        
The Two-Headed Boy and Other Medical Marvels  Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press   2000

Bradna, Fred and Hartzell Spence  
The Big Top: My 40 Years with the Greatest Show on Earth   New York: Simon and Schuster 1952

Brightwell, L.R. ed.
  Buckland's Curiosities of Natural History  London: The Batchworth Press. 1948

Brough, James   
"We Were Five": The Dionne Quintuplets' Story   New York: Simon and Schuster  1963

Buchanan-Taylor, W.  
Shake It Again London: Heath Cranton   1943

Carmichael, Bill.   Incredible Collectors, Weird Antiques, and Odd Hobbies  Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.  1971

Cheronnet, Louis  
Petit Musee de la Curiosite Photographique  Editions "Tel" 1945

Chindahl, George L. 
A History of the Circus in America   Caldwell, ID:  The Caxton Printers, Ltd.   1959

Clair, Colin   
Human Curiosities   New York: Abelard-Schuman 1968

Coup, W.C.
   Sawdust and Spangles  Washington, D.C.: Paul A. Ruddell. 1961 

Cox, Stephen   
The Munchkins of Oz   Nashville: Cumberland House. 1996

Davis, Janet M.  
The Circus Age: Culture & Society Under the American Big Top Chapel Hill, NC: The Univ of North Carolina Press   2002

de Herder, Wouter W.  
Acromegaly and gigantism in the 29th century: Fairs, freakshows, photos and postcards   Arnhem, The Netherlands: Novartis Pharma B. V.

Dikotter, Frank   
Imperfect Conceptions: Medical Knowledge, Birth Defects, and Eugenics in China   New York: Columbia University Press. 1998

Drimmer, Frederick  
Born Different: Amazing Stories of Very Special People   New York: Atheneum 1988
                             
Incredible People: Five stories of Extraordinary Lives   New York: Atheneum  1997
                             
Very Special People: The Struggles, Loves and Triumphs of Human Oddities   New York: Amjon.. 1973

Dufour, Lou.   
Fabulous Years: A Showman's Tales of Carnivals, World's  Fairs and Broadway    New York: Vantage 1977

Durant, John and Alice.   
Pictorial History of the American Circus   New York: A.S. Barnes and Company. 1957

Ed.s, Time-Life Books.  
Mysteries of the Human Body    Virginia: Time-Life Books. 1990

Edwards, Frank.   
Strange People   New York: Carol Communications. 1961

Ewing, William A.   
The Body: Photographs of the Human Form   San Francisco: Chronicle Books. 1994

Fellows, Dexter W. and Andrew A. Freeman   
This Way to the Big Show: The Life of Dexter Fellows   New York: Halcyon House 1936

Fenner, Bruce   
The Circus: Lure and Legend    Prentice Hall. 1970

Fiedler, Leslie 
Freaks: Myths & Images of the Secret Self   New York: Simon and Schuster.  1978

Flammarion, Ernst (ed.)
   Les Variations du Corps Humain   Paris 1925

Ford, Laura   
For the Love of Jennie: A Tiny Love Story   Memphis: Skyward publishing. 1995

Foti, Frank S.  
The Drum Major of Company A: A Biography of Fleming W. Ackerman a.k.a. Colonel Speck   Cayuga-Owasco Lakes Historical Society   2005

Freaks: La Collezione Akimitsu Naruyama Logos. 2000

Fried, Fred and Mary.   
America's Forgotten Folk Arts    New York: Pantheon Books. 1978

Gardner, Dick   
The Impossible   New York: Ballantine Books. 1962

Goldman, Jane.   
The X-Files Book of the Unexplained   New York:  Harper Prism. 1997

Gould, George M. and Walter Pyle.   
Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine   New York: Bell 1956

Gould, Stephen Jay  
The Flamingo's Smile: Reflections in Natural History   New York: W.W. Norton   1985

Gresham, William Lindsay.   
Monster Midway: An Uninhibited Look at the Glittering World of the Carny    New York: Rinehart & Company, Inc. 1953

Gylseth, Christopher Hals and Lars O. Toverud 
Julia Pastrana: The Tragic Story of the Victorian Ape Woman    (trans by Donald Tumasonis) England: Sutton Publishing 2003

Gwathmey, Emily and Ellen Stern.
   Sister Sets: Sisters Whose Togetherness Sets Them Apart    New York: William Morrow. 1997

Hall, Ward   
My Very Unusual Friends   (self pub.) 1991

Hammer, Carl and Gideon Bosker   
Freakshow: Sideshow Banner Art    San Francisco: Chronicle Books. 1996

Hartzman, Marc 
American Sideshow: An Encyclopedia of History's Most Wondrous and Curiously Strange Performers   New York: Penguin  2005

History and Medical Description of the Two-Headed Girl Connecticut: Alton Nexier Bild. 1976 (orig. pub. 1869) 

Holland, Charlie (comp.)   
Strange Feats and Clever Turns   London: Holland & Palmer. 1998

Holtman, Jerry   
Freak Show Man: The Autobiography of Harry Lewiston as told to Jerry Holtman   Los Angeles: Holloway House. 1968

Houdini, Harry  
Miracle Mongers and Their Methods: A Complete Expose   New York: Prometheus   1993

Howard, Martin.  
"Victorian Grotesque: An Illustrated Excursion Into Medical Curiosities, Freaks and Abnormalities -Principally of the Victorian Age"    London: Jupiter Books. 1977

Howell, Michael and Peter Ford   
The True History of the Elephant Man   New York: Penguin Books. 1980

Humphries, Barry (comp.)  
Bizarre   New York: Bell 1965

Hunter, Jack.  
Inside Teradome: An Illustrated History of Freak Film   London: Creation Books 1995

Hutchinson, H.N. , J.W. Gregory and R. Lydekker  
The Living Races of Mankind, Vol's 1 and 2   Delhi: Mittal Publications (orig pub 1900)

Iuliani, Giovanni.  
Freaks: A Collector's Edition of Nature's Human Oddities- Past and Present   Montreal: Publications Ideal Inc. 1966

Irving, Wallace   
The Fabulous Showman: The Life and Times of P.T. Barnum   New York: Knoph. 1959

Jay, Ricky    
Jay's Journal of Anomalies    New York: Farrar, Strous and Giroux, 2001
                   
Learned Pigs and Fireproof Women  New York: Warner 1987

Jensen, Dean  
The Lives and Loves of Daisy and Violet Hilton: A True Story of Conjoined Twins   Berkeley: Ten Speed Press 2006
                   
Kilgarriff, Michael.   
Grace, Beauty and Banjos: Peculiar Lives and Strange Times of Music Hall and Variety Artists   London:  Oberon Books. 1998

Kunhardt, Philip B., Philip B. Kunhardt III and Peter W. Kunhardt   
P.T. Barnum: America's Greatest Showman    New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1995
                                                                                               
Lamparski, Richard   
Whatever Became Of ... ? Ninth Series    New York: Crown Publishers. 1985

Lee, Polly Jae 
Giant: The Pictorial History of the Human Colossus   New York: A. S. Barnes and Company  1970

Leroi, Armand Marie   
Mutants: On Genetic Variety and the Human Body   New York: Viking  2003 

Levenson, Randal and Spalding Gray   
In Search of the Monkey Girl   Millerton, NY: Aperture 1982

Lewis, Arthur H.   
Carnival: The Wide, Weird, Wonderful World Where Carnies Meet the Marks - And Everyone Goes Away Happy    New York: Trident Press 1970

Lifson, Robert    Enter the Sideshow    Bala Cynwyd, PA: Mason Pub. Co 1983

Lindfors, Bernth (ed.)    Africans On Stage: Studies In Ethnological Show Business   Bloomington (Ind): Indiana Univ Press 1999
              
Mannix, Dan   
Freaks: We Who Are Not As Others   San Francisco: Re/Search Pub 1990

Manchester, Richard B.   
Incredible Facts: The Indispensable Collection of True Life Facts and Oddities   New York: Galahad Books 1986

Martel, Joanne   
Millie-Christine: Fearfully and Wonderfully Made   N.Carolina: Joh. F. Blair  2000

Martin, Charles D.  
The White African American Body:  A Cultural and Literary Exploration   New Jersey: Rutgers Univ. Press  2002

Matthews, Peter (Editor)   
The Guiness Book of Records, 1993   New York: Bantam 1993

McCulloch, Lou W.   
Card Photographs: A Guide to Their History and Value   East Exton, PA: Schiffer 1981

Meadows, Robert (comp.)   
A Private Anthropological Cabinet   New York: Falstaff Press. 1934

Mitchell, Joseph   
McSorley's Wonderful Saloon   New York: Blue Ribbon Books 1944

Mitchell, Michael   
Monsters of the Gilded Age: The Photographs of Charles Eisenmann   Toronto: Gage Publishing. 1979

Monestier, Martin   
Human Oddities: A Book of Nature's Anomalies   (trans. by Robert Campbell) Seacaucus, NJ: Citadel 1987

Parker, Mike   
The Worlds's Most Fantastic Freaks   London: Hamlyn 1994

Peacock, Shane  
The Great Farini: The High-Wire Life of William Hunt New York: Viking Penguin   1995

Pernick, Martin S.  
The Black Stork: Eugenics and the Death of "Defective" Babies in American Medicine and Motion Pictures Since 1915   Oxfor Univ Press   1996

Purcell, Rosamond.   
Special Cases: Natural Anomalies and Historical Monsters   San Francisco: Chronicle Books. 1997

Ray, Fred Olen.   
Grind Show: Weirdness as Entertainment   Hollywood: American Independent Press. 1993

Ripley, Robert.   
Believe It Or Not: A Modern book of Wonders, Miracles, Freaks, Monstrosities and Almost Impossibilities New York: Simon and Schuster. 1929

Ripley's Believe It Or Not!: Human Oddities    New York: Warner Books, Inc. 1977

Romaine, Mertie E.  
General Tom thumb and his Lady   Mass: William S. Sullwold   1976

Roth, Hy and Robert Cromie
   The Little People: An Illustrated Look at Some of the World's Most Engaging Men and Women New York: Everest House 1980

Rusid, Max   
Sideshow: Photo Album of Human Oddities   New York: Amjon Pub. 1975

Saxon, A. H.
   P.T. Barnum: The Legend and the Man   New York: Columbia University Press. 1989

Scheugl, Felix   
Show Freaks & Monster    Koln: Verlag M. DuMont 1974

Skal, David J. and Elias Savada 
Dark Carnival: the Secret World of Tod Browning, Hollywood's Master of the Macabre   New York:: Anchor Books  1995

Sloan, Mark   
Hoaxes, Humbugs and Spectacles   New York: Villard Books. 1990

Sloan, Mark, Roger Manley and Michelle Van Parys, Ed's   
Dear Mr. Ripley: A Compendium of Curioddities from the Believe It or Not! Archives   Boston: Bullfinch Press 1993

Smith, J. David   
Psychological Profiles of Conjoined Twins: Heredity, Environment, and Identity   Connecticut: Praeger Publishers 1988

Stacey, Michelle  
The Fasting Girl: A True Victorian Medical Mystery   New York: Putnam   2002

Stencell, A.W.   
Seeing Is Believing: America's Sideshows   Canada: ECW Press 2002

Svenvold, Mark   
Elmer McCurdy: The Misadventures In Life and Afterlife of an American Outlaw    New York: Basic Books.  2002

Sweet, Matthew  
Inventing the Victorians: What We Think We Know About Them and Why We're Wrong   New York: St.Martins Press   2001

Thompson, C.J.S.
   Giants, Dwarfs and Other Oddities   New York: Carol Publishing 1968 

The Carnival of the Grotesque: Freaks, Fools and Foulness Culled from the Pages of FHM  (supplement to the June 2001 edition of FHM magazine)

Wallace, Irving 
The Fabulous Showman: The Life and Times of P.T. Barnum New York: Alfred A. Knopf  1959

Wallace, Irving and Amy Wallace.   The Two: The Story of the Original Siamese Twins   New York: Simon and Schuster. 1978

Werner, Adrian 
Freaks: Cinema of the Bizarre   New York: Warner   1976

Wood, Gaby   
Living Dolls: A Magical History of the Quest for Mechanical Life   London: Faber and Faber 2002
 
  

                                                                     
FILM

Being Different  
Harry Rasky, director.  1981 Double S. Productions (Astral) Ltd 

Born Different: Nature's Most Peculiar People   1992 Reel World Productions

Freaks  Tod Browning, director 1932. MGM/UA Home Video

Freaks Uncensored: A Human Sideshow   Ari Roussimoff, director; copyright 1998 Bohemia Productions, Inc;; Premier Feb 1999

The Greatest Show on Earth    Cecil B. DeMille, director. Paramount. 1952

I Am Not a Freak: Six Shocking True Stories You'll Never Forget  Kirby Dick, director 1987 Fox Hills Video

The Incredible Life and Times of Robert Ripley: Believe it or Not!    1993. TBS Productions

Meet Boston Blackie   Robert Florey, director. 1941

The Secret World of Circuses and Sideshows   1998 Film Garden Entertainment

Sideshow   William Conrad, director. 1981. Transworld Entertainment

Sideshow: Alive on the Inside   Lynn Dougherty, director 1996. Big Chief Entertainment





                                                             
WEBSITES
  
Wellcome Library
   http://catalogue.wellcome.ac.uk   

Disability History Museum www.disabilitymuseum.org

Galerie des Monstres http://www.editorialbitacora.com/bitacora/galeria/galeria.htm

Stanton, Jeffrey  
Coney Island - Freaks   http://naid.sppsr.ucla.edu/coneyisland/articles/freaks.htm.  1997

The Missing Link "Freaks of Nature"   David J. http://www.missinglinkclassichorror.co.uk/freaksnattxt.htm

Ronald G. Becker Collection of Charles Eisenman Photographs,  Syracuse University Digital Library http://libwww.syr.edu/digital/guides/b/becker_eisenmann.htm


                                                                
PERIODICALS
Coronet    May 1946

DeGenaro, Stephan A.  "The Little Men"  
Timeline Nov/Dec 2002

Palmer, Randy  "Freaks" 
Famous Monsters May 1981

Humphrey, Marmaduke  "The Pranks of Nature"
Godey's Magazine Feb. 1896. pp 118ff

Kochanek, Lisa. "Reframing the Freak: From Sideshow to Science" 
Victorian Periodicals Review. Vol 30, Number 3, Fall 1997. pp 227-243

Skal, David J. and Elias Savada."The Making of Tod Browning's "Freaks" 
Filmfax vol 52 Sept/Oct 1995

"The Fat Man and His Friends"
American Heritage: The Magazine of History June 1966. pp 34-39

Lucas, Bob. "Now 28, Siamese Twins Make Career As Gospel Singers" 
JET  20 Mar 1978, pp 14-18

Fellner, Chris (Publisher).
Freaks, 18 issues. First pub. 1995


                                                         
TRADING CARDS

Freakards,  Series I -     Shel-Tone Publications. 1991

Human Freak and Oddities, Series I - IV (trading cards) Mother Productions. 1991 -